Indigenous knowledge systems is a research field and academic concept investigating the cumulative, dynamic, and evolving bodies of knowledge, practices, and belief systems specific to indigenous peoples, developed and transmitted intergenerationally within their distinct socio-cultural and ecological contexts. This concept examines the epistemologies, ontologies, and praxis embedded in these systems, focusing on their holistic nature, adaptability, relationship with the environment, and contributions to areas such as sustainable resource management, health, and social organization, holding significance for providing alternative frameworks for understanding the world, challenging dominant paradigms, and supporting decolonization and self-determination efforts.